The Effectiveness of Smart Booklet Educational Media on Foot Care Behavior in Efforts to Prevent Diabetic Food Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At the Limboto Health Center
Keywords:
SMART Booklet, Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Foot Care Behavior
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease with one of the complications being Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Prevention of DFU depends on good foot care behaviors, but there are still many patients who have not applied it optimally. Education using SMART Booklet media is one of the promotive and preventive efforts to improve foot care behavior. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the SMART Booklet educational media on foot care behavior in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients at the Limboto Health Center. This study uses a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-post test design approach. The study population was 188 patients, with a sample of 33 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. The research instrument used the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot Care (NAFF) questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed an improvement in foot care behavior after the intervention with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means that there was a significant difference before and after education. The SMART Media Booklet is said to be effective because it is designed based on the principles of Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound which presents foot care steps in detail, systematic, and in accordance with the patient's condition, making it easier for patients to follow the stages of treatment gradually and form habits that are carried out regularly. The presentation of structured and readable material also strengthens the consistency of the implementation of foot care in daily life.
References
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Damayanti, Y., Ratu, F., Ratu, F. P., & Pello, S. C. (2023). The effectiveness of the SMART method as an effort to increase students' understanding of goal setting. Empowered Indonesia, 4(4), 1–6.
Darvishi, A., Hassani, L., Mohseni, S., & Shahabi, N. (2025). Predicting preventive self care behaviours among type 2 diabetes based on the health belief model in Bandar Abbas city : a cross sectional study. BMJ Open, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091420
Efendi, L. M. (2023). SMART-Based Digital Literacy Management Towards Good Practice Schools. Journal of Education FKIP UNMA, 9(2), 914–923. https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v9i2.4848
Emeliawati, Sriyati, Widiastuti, & Yogyakarta, A. U. of. (2025). The Effect of Foot Care Education on the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Diabetic Patients. Journal of Human Asylum Nursing (JKSI), 10(1).
Gapila, C. (2021). SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic And Time Bound) Learning Method On Mathematical Concept Comprehension Ability Reviewed from Personality Type. State Islamic University.
Ginting, E. J., Prabawati, D., & Novita, R. V. T. (2024). The Relationship between Knowledge Level and Length of Suffering from DM and Foot Care Behavior at the Aren Jaya Health Center, East Bekasi. Cikini Journal of Nursing, 5(2), 180–191.
Handayani, T. (2025). The Relationship of Foot Care to the Risk of Ulcer Incidence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Kardinah Hospital in Tegal City. MANUJU: Malahayati Nursing Journal, 7(5), 2084–2094.
Harlin, K., & Irfan. 2022. "Analysis of Factors Related to Self Awareness of Foot Care in Type 2 DM Patients." Silampari Journal of Nursing 6(1):828–37.
Hartono, & Ediyono, S. (2024). Education Level Relationship, long suffering from illness with the level of knowledge of the 5 Pillars of Diabetes Mellitus Management in the Working Area of the Sungai Durian Health Center, KBU Raya Regency, West Kalimantan. Journal of TSCS1Kep, 9(1), 49–58.
Hasriani. (2021). The Effectiveness of Transtheoreethical Model (TTM)-Based Education on Self Care Behavior of Hypertensive Patients. Hasanuddin University.
Hu, X., Kang, R., Chen, L., & Hu, X. (2024). Gender difference as the risk of diabetic foot ulcers in T2DM patients : a meta-analysis. JOMH: Journal Of Men's Health, 01, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.22514/jomh.2024.002
IDF. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus. https://idf.org/aboutdiabetes/what-is-diabetes.html.
Indah, N., Haskas, Y., Indah, & Restika. (2023). The Relationship of Self Care with Quality of Life and Screening for the Risk of Diabetic Ulcers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. JIMPK: Scientific Journal of Nursing Students & Research, 3(2), 65–72. https://jurnal.stikesnh.ac.id/index.php/jimpk/article/view/1250%0Ahttps://jurnal.stikesnh.ac.id/index.php/jimpk/article/download/1250/846.
Iwan, A., Mulyana, H., Wahyudi, D., & Gusdiana, E. (2022). The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Family Support with Foot Care Behavior in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery, 13(2), 512–521.
Jamaludin. (2023). Health Education Media on Dietary Adherence in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Literature Review. Journal of Public Health, 11, 362–376.
Julianda, J. N., Khasanah, S., Susanti, I., & Bangsa, U. H. (2025). Foot Care Education for Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus as an Effort to Prevent Diabetes Mellitus Foot Ulcers at the West Purwokerto Health Center. Journal of Indonesian Community Service (JPKMI), 5(2).
Khofifah, S., Parmilah, Wulandari, & Suraning, T. (2022). Foot Care Education as an Intervention Problem Knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus Foot Care. JIKKA : Alkautsar Scientific Journal of Nursing and Health, 01(01).
Kusuma, E., & Suharyanto, S. (2024). The use of a combination of insulin leaves (Smallanthus Sonchifolius) and stevia leaves (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) to overcome diabetes mellitus. EJOIN: Journal of Community Service, 2(6), 1031–1037. https://doi.org/10.55681/ejoin.v2i6.3064
Magi, C. E., Bambi, S., Rasero, L., Longobucco, Y., Aoufy, K. El, Amato, C., Vellone, E., Bonaccorsi, G., Lorini, C., & Iovino, P. (2024). Health Literacy and Self-Care in Patients with Chronic Illness : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol. Healthcare, 1–10.
Malisngorar, M. S. J., & Tunny, I. S. (2021). The Effect of Foot Care Health Education on the Knowledge of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Tulehu Village, Salahutu District, Central Maluku Regency in 2021 Nursing Science Study Program, STIKes Maluku Husada. JUMANTIK, 6(4), 355–359. https://doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v6i4.10420.
Marliyana, Aliun, F. W., Fitri, F. E., Yunitasari, E., Nurhayati, & Filsabila, A. (2024). Foot care education as an effort to prevent injuries in people with diabetes mellitus. Journal Of Public Welfare, 4(2), 43–48.
Mcdermott, K., Fang, M., Boulton, A. J. M., Selvin, E., & Hicks, C. W. (2023). Etiology , Epidemiology , and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. American Diabetes Association, 46(1), 209–221.
Mayasari, O. P., & Ikalius. (2021). Factors related to Community Behavior in the Work Area of the Kenali Besar Health Center, Sub-district
Sharma, A. M., Selim, A., Saied, S. M., & Hassan, N. M. (2025). Stepping up : impact of health education on diabetic foot Self-Care in a Resource-Limited tertiary care setting. Scientific Reports, 1–8. MEDIC, 4(1).
Monoarfa, H. S., Djamaluddin, N., & Arsad, S. F. M. (2025). Level of Knowledge and Behavior of Foot Care for Diabetics Mellitus. (JNJ), Jambura Nursing Journal, 7(1), 90–101.
Moulidiya, E., & Fakhrizal. (2025). Diabetic Foot Ulcer. GALENICAL: Malikussaleh Journal of Medicine and Student Health, 4(2), 114–123.
Narmawan. (2022). The Influence of Providing Health Education With Media Booklets on the Motivation of Type II DM Patients in Doing Foot Care. Journal of Health, 15(2), 190–196. https://doi.org/10.24252/kesehatan.v15i2.19036
Nurhidayanti, N., Yuniarti, Supadi, Ambarwati, R., & Jaelani, M. (2023). E-booklet media can affect knowledge and attitudes for the prevention of type 2 DM in adolescents. JRG: Journal of Nutrition Research, 11(2), 127–132.
Pakpahan, M., Siregar, D., Susilawaty, A., Mustar, T., Ramdany, R., Manurung, E. I., & Efendi Sianturi. (2021). Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Our Writing Foundation.
Paton, J., Abey, S., Hendy, P., Williams, J., Collings, R., & Callaghan, L. (2021). Behaviour change approaches for individuals with diabetes to improve foot self-management : a scoping review. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 1–14.
Piuskosmas Fau. (2023). The Effect of Education on Foot Care Behavior of Diabetics Mellitus at the Bawomataluo-South Nias Health Center. Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge, 3(3), 617–626. https://doi.org/10.53625/jirk.v3i3.6337
Prihatini, S., Kartini, A., Karra, D., Ms, D. S., & Suid, N. (2025). QR Code-Based Educational Media as a Strategy to Improve Nursing Students' Knowledge of Pain Management. OMNI Nursing Journal, 70–76.
Putri, N. M. S. H., Naziyah, Suralaga, C., & Nasiona;, U. (2023). The Relationship between Knowledge Level and Foot Care Behavior in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at Dr. Suyoto Hospital, South Jakarta. NEW YORK: Malahayati Nursing Journal, 5(7), 2280–2293.
Rachmawati, W. C. (2019). Health promotion and behavioral science. Wineka Media.
Rahmawati. (2024). Implementation of the SMART Method in the Selection of Contraceptives in Couples of Childbearing Age: Puskesmas Kota Datar. Journal of Mathematics and Technology (MATECH), 3(1), 47–53. https://doi.org/10.63893/matech.v3i1.166
Redjeki, G. S., & Frisca, S. (2022). The Effectiveness of Education on Foot Care Behavior of Diabetic Mellitus Patients. Carolus Journal of Nursing, 1(2), 125–137.
Refialinata, J., Saputri, M., Candra, S., & Ningsih, W. P. (2023). The Effect of Completing The Checklist by Care Giver on Medication Compliance in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. Journal of Health Sciences, 30(3).
Rojuaniah. (2022). Organizational culture change. Scientific Forum, 09(2), 121–132.
Rondhianto, R., & Widayati, N. (2023). Foot Care Behavior Among People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : Overview and Sociodemographic Factors Impact. NHSJ: Nursing and Health Sciences Journal, 3(2), 213–221.
Safitri, N. A. N. (2022). The Relationship between Foot Care Behavior and Quality of Life of Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Muhammadiyah Hospital and Rulia Medika Ponorogo Clinic. Health Sciences Journal : University of Muhammadiyah Ponorogo, 6(1).
Samsir, H. M. (2022). Bandura's Modeling Theory Bandura's Modeling Theory. Journal of Madani Multidisciplinary (MUDIMA), 2(7), 3067–3080.
Saprianto, Ni Ketut Sujati, M., S., & Akbar, A. (2022). The Effectiveness of Foot Care Education through EDU HOME CARE on the Foot Care Ability of Diabetes Mellitus Clients. Journal of Independent Nursing (JKM), 2(2), 209–215.
Sari, F., Arafah, M., Yanti, L., Hidayat, A. T., Paizer, D., & Syahfitri, R. D. (2023). Increasing the knowledge of cadres and the health community in the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers in Burai Village. Journal of Community Care, 5(2), 403–408. http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPM.
Sari, N., Yulia Fitri, E. Y., Wahyuni, D., Nursing, B., Medicine, F., & Sriwijaya, U. (2021). The Effect of Diabetes Self-Management Education through Smart Book Media on Self-Care Commitment of Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus. 124.
Sentana, A. D., Purwana, E. R., Hasbi, M., & Jafar, S. R. (2023). The Use of "RAKA" (Outpatient) Booklets in Improving Foot Care Behavior in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Bima Nursing Journal, 4(2), 143–149.
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Published
2026-03-10
How to Cite
Laila Revalina Madu, Ita Sulistiani Basir, & Sitti Fatimah M. Arsad. (2026). The Effectiveness of Smart Booklet Educational Media on Foot Care Behavior in Efforts to Prevent Diabetic Food Ulcer in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients At the Limboto Health Center . International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.10648
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Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Laila Revalina Madu, Ita Sulistiani Basir , Sitti Fatimah M. Arsad
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