The Effect of Foot Care Demonstration Education on the Knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Tilongkabila Health Center
Keywords:
Demonstration Education, Foot Care, Knowledge, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that has the potential to cause various complications, one of which is diabetic foot ulcers which can be prevented through proper foot care. However, the low level of knowledge of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus about foot care is still a problem in primary health services. Education using the foot care demonstration method is one of the effective promotive and preventive efforts to increase the knowledge of people with diabetes mellitus related to foot care. This study aims to determine the effect of foot care demonstration education on the knowledge of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Tilongkabila Health Center. This research uses a design Quasi Experiment with the One group pre-post test design. A sample of 33 respondents was selected using the purposive sampling. The research instrument used a foot care knowledge questionnaire adapted from Munali (2019). Data analysis using tests Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The results showed that there was an increase in respondents' knowledge after the intervention with a p-value = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means that there is a significant difference in knowledge between before and after education. Demonstration education is effective in increasing respondents' knowledge because it involves direct observation of foot care practices, using simple aids that are easy to find, and delivered in language that suits the respondent's condition, thus facilitating understanding and strengthening the respondents' memory of the material provided.
References
A. Wawan, D. M. (2017). Theory and Measurement of human knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. Medical Nun.
Alfaqih, M. R., HS., A. A., & Khayudin, B. A. (2021). Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Guepedia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli/ut1YEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Aljaouni, M. E., Alharbi, A. M., & Al-Nozha, O. M. (2024). Knowledge and Practice of Foot Care among Patients with Diabetes Attending Diabetes Center, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(13), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131244
Alzamani, L. M. H. I., Marbun, M. R. Y., Purwanti, M. E., Salsabilla, R., & Rahmah, S. (2022). Chronic Ulcers: Recognizing Decubitus Ulcers and Diabetic Ulcers. SYNTAX FUSION, 2(02), 1–23.
American Diabetes Association. (2021). Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care, 44(January), S151–S167. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S011
American Diabetes Association. (2025). 12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S261–S276. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S012
Anggreni, D. (2022). STIKes Majapahit Mojokerto Publisher of Textbooks.
Anna Giorgi. (2023). Diabetic Foot: Charting the Course of the Effect on Feet. Verywellhealth. https://www.verywellhealth.com/diabetic-foot-7967121?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Anugerah, M. R. A. B. A. K. (2022). Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli: Vol. vol 1 (pp. 1–129). https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli/ut1YEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=komplikasi+dm&printsec=frontcover
Astuti, A. K. (2020). Quantitative Research Methods.
Dawi, J., Tumanyan, K., Thomas, K., Misakyan, Y., Gargaloyan, A., Gonzalez, E., Hammi, M., Thomas, S., & Venketaraman, V. (2025). Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology , Immune Dysregulation , and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines, 13(5), 1–17.
Gorontalo Provincial Health Office. (2023). Health Profile in 2023.
Elsayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K., Das, S. R., Gibbons, C. H., Giurini, J. M., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Kosiborod, M., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., ... Gabbay, R. A. (2023). Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(January), S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint
Elsi Rahmadani, & Marlin Sutrisna. (2022). The Effect of Health Counseling on Posyandu on the Knowledge of Mothers Under Five in the Working Area of the Lubuk Durian Health Center, Kerkap District, North Bengkulu. INSOLOGY: Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i2.156
Fajeriani, N., Diani, N., & Choiruna, H. P. (2019). Education to increase knowledge about foot care for people with diabetes mellitus in Cempaka Village. Nusantara Medical Science Journal, 4(1), 25–31.
Febrinasari, R. P., Sholikah, T. A., & Dyonisa Nasirochmi Pakha, and S. E. . (2020). Diabetes Mellitus Pocket Book for the Public. Surakarta : UNS Press. UNS Publishing and Printing (UNS Press), 1, 79.
Gunardi, S. (2024). The Effect of Supportive Education on Foot Care Knowledge in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(01), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.33221/jiiki.v14i01.3218
International Diabetes Federation. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
Jannah, L. R., Elvira, D., Noer, M., Decroli, E., Saputra, D., & Linosefa, L. (2024). Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2020-2021. Indonesian Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v5i2.1114
Ministry of Health, R. (2020). National Guidelines for Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. 2507(February), 1–9.
Kim, J. (2023). The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 40(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731
Kurnia, A. D., Masruroh, N. L., Melizza, N., Prasetyo, Y. B., & Setyowati, C. I. (2022). Effectiveness of Foot Care Against Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(6), 1426–1434. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i6.6468
Lestari, Zulkarnain, Sijid, & Aisyah, S. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus: Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Causes, Methods of Examination, Treatment and Prevention. UIN Alauddin Makassar, 1(2), 237–241. http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/psb
Letta, S., Goshu, A. T., Sertsu, A., Nigussie, K., Negash, A., Yadeta, T. A., Bulti, F. A., Geda, B., & Dessie, Y. (2023). Diabetes knowledge and foot care practices among type 2 diabetes patients attending the chronic ambulatory care unit of a public health hospital in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 13(11), e070023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070023
Li, G., Lu, Q., Wen, B., Qi, X., Guan, H., Li, H., Liu, J., & Ding, Y. (2025). Investigation of foot care knowledge and behaviour of older people with type 2 diabetes in Beijing community and analysis of influencing factors. International Wound Journal, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.70125
Lira, J. A. C., Rocha, Á. S. C., Bezerra, S. M. G., Nogueira, P. C., Dos Santos, A. M. R., & Nogueira, L. T. (2023). Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6628.3945
Mardiana, K., & Sugiharto. (2022). Overview of cognitive function based on the characteristics of the elderly living in the community. Scientific Journal of Nursing, 8(4).
Mediarti, D., Rosnani, R., & Arifin, H. (2020). Summary Guidance for Daily Practices on Glycemic Control and Foot Care Behavior. Journal of Ners, 15(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2.21127
Change. (2019). The Effect of Foot Care Health Education on Knowledge, Practice, and Preventive Measures for Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
Nasif, H., Serdiani, & Sari, Y. O. (2023). Education on Integrated Patient Development Record Writing (CPPT) in Pharmacists in Hospitals (N. Duniawati (ed.)). CV Adanu Abimata. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/EDUKASI_PENULISAN_CATATAN_PERKEMBANGAN_P/EnjWEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Nasution, J. Dewita, Sri Siswati, & Dina Marnida Nasution. (2022). The Effect of Foot Care Health Education on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors in Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. PANNMED Scientific Journal (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist), 17(3), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v17i3.1449
Notoadmodjo, S. (2012). Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Rineka Cipta.
NursingTheory.org. (n.d.). Self-Care Deficit Theory. Nursing Theory. Retrieved January 19, 2026, from https://nursingtheory.org/theories-and-models/orem-self-care-deficit-theory
Nusdin. (2022). Kenali_Ulkus_Diabetik_Penyebab_Dan_Manaj. In 2022 (p. 12). RIZMEDIA PUSTAKA INDONESIA. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/KENALI_ULKUS_DIABETIK_PENYEBAB_DAN_MANAJ/zLCqEAAABAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ulkusdiabetik&pg=PR4&printsec=frontcover
Ogbeide, S. A., Johnson-Esparza, Y., & George, D. (2025). Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in Primary Care Behavioural Health Training. The Clinical Teacher, 22(3), e70099. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.70099
Oktalia, A. W., Retnaningrum, Y. R., & Khotimah, S. (2021). Relationship between Peripheral Arterial Disease and HbA1c Levels with Amputation of Extremities in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda. Journal of Science and Health, 3(5), 715–721.
Parliani, Wahyuni, T., Ramadhaniyati, Usman, Pradika, J., & Lestari, L. (2021). Pocket Book of Knowing Diabetes Mellitus (H. Wijayanti (ed.)). CV Jejak, a member of IKAPI. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Saku_Mengenal_Diabetes_Mellitus/P11QEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Putri, A. A., Junando, M., & Sukohar, A. (2024). Review Article: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Geriatric Patients. Medical Sciences, 2(5), 142–147.
Raja, J. M., Maturana, M. A., Kayali, S., Khouzam, A., & Efeovbokhan, N. (2023). Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 11(8), 1684–1693. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1684
Sadale, H. S., Riu, S. D. M., & Yahya, I. M. (2023). The Effect of Health Education with Demonstration Method on the Ability to Care for Feet in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Ranomuut Manado Health Center. Journal of Public Health, 1(4), 133–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62027/praba.v1i4.38
Sangadji. (2023). Foot Gymnastics Health Education as an Effort to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Community Service: Health (JPKMK), 3.
Sari, Y., Upoyo, A. S., Isworo, A., Taufik, A., Sumeru, A., Anandari, D., & Sutrisna, E. (2020). Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-4903-y
Sari, Y., Yusuf, S., Haryanto, H., Sumeru, A., & Saryono, S. (2022). The barriers and facilitators of foot care practices in diabetic patients in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Nursing Open, 9(6), 2867–2877. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.993
Setyaningsih, R. S. D., & Maliya, A. (2018). The Effect of Diabetic Foot Care Health Education with Demonstration Method on the Ability to Care for Feet in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Nursing Sciences, 11(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v11i2.10581
Simanullang, R. H., Tambunan, D. M., Sagala, L. M. B., Mu'awanah, S., Laksmi, R. W., Fatma, E. P. L., Ni, K. P., Susiladewi, Vera, I. A. M., Simbolon, & Br, C. N. N. (2025). Oncology Nursing Textbook (Putu Intam). PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Keperawatan_Onkologi/_yBNEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Singh, N., Shukla, S. K., John, P., Bajpai, R., Chugh, P., Sengupta, R., Pushkar, R. R., Yadav, N., Singh, N., & Sadanandan, R. (2025). Unveiling the twin epidemics of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of sex-specific prevalence, risk, and hotspots in India's epidemiological transition zones. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22983-y
So'o, R. W., Ratu, K., Folamauk, C. L. H., & Amat, A. L. S. (2022). Factors that affect public knowledge. Cendana Medical Journal, 10(1), 76–87.
Sriyati, S. (2024). Diabetic neuropathy as a predisposing factor for the occurrence of wounds on the legs. Scientific Journal of STIKES Yarsi Mataram, 14(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.57267/jisym.v14i1.336
Sukron, S. (2024). Diabetic Foot Care in Diabetic Mellitus Patients in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Medical Masks, 12(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.52523/maskermedika.v12i1.604
Sylvia, E., Kurdaningsih, S. V., Nuritasari, R. T., & Rasyada, A. (2024). Foot Care Education for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Journal of Aisyiyah Medika, 9(1), 178–191.
Taylor, D. C. M., & Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83. Medical Teacher, 35(11), e1561-72. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2013.828153
Utami Cahyaningtyas, & Rini Werdiningsih. (2022). Analysis of Factors of Healing Time for Diabetic Feet/Diabetic Ulcers in Type 2 Dm Patients. Journal of Media Administration, 7(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.56444/jma.v7i1.61
Wahyudi, A. S., Pratiwi, I. N., Bakar, A., Tristiana, R. D., & Has, E. M. M. (2025). Pendekatan_Teori_Keperawatan_pada_Pender. PT. Publisher Qriset Indonesia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendekatan_Teori_Keperawatan_pada_Pender/cbdPEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0
World Health Organization. (2012). Therapeutic patient education (Lars Møller (ed.)).
Yalin, L., Samiasih, A., & Armiyati, Y. (2024). Foot Care Education in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Laksmi Yalini. Forikes Voice Health Research, 15(4), 136–139. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf15127
Yulyastuti, D. A., Maretnawati, E., & Amiruddin, F. (2021). Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952.
Alfaqih, M. R., HS., A. A., & Khayudin, B. A. (2021). Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Guepedia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli/ut1YEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Aljaouni, M. E., Alharbi, A. M., & Al-Nozha, O. M. (2024). Knowledge and Practice of Foot Care among Patients with Diabetes Attending Diabetes Center, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Switzerland), 12(13), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12131244
Alzamani, L. M. H. I., Marbun, M. R. Y., Purwanti, M. E., Salsabilla, R., & Rahmah, S. (2022). Chronic Ulcers: Recognizing Decubitus Ulcers and Diabetic Ulcers. SYNTAX FUSION, 2(02), 1–23.
American Diabetes Association. (2021). Microvascular complications and foot care: Standards of medical care in diabetes—2021. Diabetes Care, 44(January), S151–S167. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-S011
American Diabetes Association. (2025). 12. Retinopathy, Neuropathy, and Foot Care: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026. Diabetes Care, 49(Supplement_1), S261–S276. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc26-S012
Anggreni, D. (2022). STIKes Majapahit Mojokerto Publisher of Textbooks.
Anna Giorgi. (2023). Diabetic Foot: Charting the Course of the Effect on Feet. Verywellhealth. https://www.verywellhealth.com/diabetic-foot-7967121?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Anugerah, M. R. A. B. A. K. (2022). Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli: Vol. vol 1 (pp. 1–129). https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Manajemen_Penatalaksanaan_Diabetes_Melli/ut1YEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1&dq=komplikasi+dm&printsec=frontcover
Astuti, A. K. (2020). Quantitative Research Methods.
Dawi, J., Tumanyan, K., Thomas, K., Misakyan, Y., Gargaloyan, A., Gonzalez, E., Hammi, M., Thomas, S., & Venketaraman, V. (2025). Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Pathophysiology , Immune Dysregulation , and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines, 13(5), 1–17.
Gorontalo Provincial Health Office. (2023). Health Profile in 2023.
Elsayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K., Das, S. R., Gibbons, C. H., Giurini, J. M., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Kosiborod, M., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., ... Gabbay, R. A. (2023). Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(January), S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint
Elsi Rahmadani, & Marlin Sutrisna. (2022). The Effect of Health Counseling on Posyandu on the Knowledge of Mothers Under Five in the Working Area of the Lubuk Durian Health Center, Kerkap District, North Bengkulu. INSOLOGY: Journal of Science and Technology, 1(2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i2.156
Fajeriani, N., Diani, N., & Choiruna, H. P. (2019). Education to increase knowledge about foot care for people with diabetes mellitus in Cempaka Village. Nusantara Medical Science Journal, 4(1), 25–31.
Febrinasari, R. P., Sholikah, T. A., & Dyonisa Nasirochmi Pakha, and S. E. . (2020). Diabetes Mellitus Pocket Book for the Public. Surakarta : UNS Press. UNS Publishing and Printing (UNS Press), 1, 79.
Gunardi, S. (2024). The Effect of Supportive Education on Foot Care Knowledge in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesian Journal of Nursing Sciences, 14(01), 15–21. https://doi.org/10.33221/jiiki.v14i01.3218
International Diabetes Federation. (2022). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109119
Jannah, L. R., Elvira, D., Noer, M., Decroli, E., Saputra, D., & Linosefa, L. (2024). Profile of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2020-2021. Indonesian Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), 121–130. https://doi.org/10.25077/jikesi.v5i2.1114
Ministry of Health, R. (2020). National Guidelines for Adult Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management. 2507(February), 1–9.
Kim, J. (2023). The pathophysiology of diabetic foot: a narrative review. Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science, 40(4), 328–334. https://doi.org/10.12701/jyms.2023.00731
Kurnia, A. D., Masruroh, N. L., Melizza, N., Prasetyo, Y. B., & Setyowati, C. I. (2022). Effectiveness of Foot Care Against Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 4(6), 1426–1434. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v4i6.6468
Lestari, Zulkarnain, Sijid, & Aisyah, S. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus: Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, Symptoms, Causes, Methods of Examination, Treatment and Prevention. UIN Alauddin Makassar, 1(2), 237–241. http://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/psb
Letta, S., Goshu, A. T., Sertsu, A., Nigussie, K., Negash, A., Yadeta, T. A., Bulti, F. A., Geda, B., & Dessie, Y. (2023). Diabetes knowledge and foot care practices among type 2 diabetes patients attending the chronic ambulatory care unit of a public health hospital in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 13(11), e070023. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-070023
Li, G., Lu, Q., Wen, B., Qi, X., Guan, H., Li, H., Liu, J., & Ding, Y. (2025). Investigation of foot care knowledge and behaviour of older people with type 2 diabetes in Beijing community and analysis of influencing factors. International Wound Journal, 22(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.70125
Lira, J. A. C., Rocha, Á. S. C., Bezerra, S. M. G., Nogueira, P. C., Dos Santos, A. M. R., & Nogueira, L. T. (2023). Effects of educational technologies on the prevention and treatment of diabetic ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 31. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6628.3945
Mardiana, K., & Sugiharto. (2022). Overview of cognitive function based on the characteristics of the elderly living in the community. Scientific Journal of Nursing, 8(4).
Mediarti, D., Rosnani, R., & Arifin, H. (2020). Summary Guidance for Daily Practices on Glycemic Control and Foot Care Behavior. Journal of Ners, 15(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i2.21127
Change. (2019). The Effect of Foot Care Health Education on Knowledge, Practice, and Preventive Measures for Diabetic Foot Ulcers.
Nasif, H., Serdiani, & Sari, Y. O. (2023). Education on Integrated Patient Development Record Writing (CPPT) in Pharmacists in Hospitals (N. Duniawati (ed.)). CV Adanu Abimata. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/EDUKASI_PENULISAN_CATATAN_PERKEMBANGAN_P/EnjWEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Nasution, J. Dewita, Sri Siswati, & Dina Marnida Nasution. (2022). The Effect of Foot Care Health Education on Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors in Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. PANNMED Scientific Journal (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist), 17(3), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v17i3.1449
Notoadmodjo, S. (2012). Health Promotion and Health Behavior. Rineka Cipta.
NursingTheory.org. (n.d.). Self-Care Deficit Theory. Nursing Theory. Retrieved January 19, 2026, from https://nursingtheory.org/theories-and-models/orem-self-care-deficit-theory
Nusdin. (2022). Kenali_Ulkus_Diabetik_Penyebab_Dan_Manaj. In 2022 (p. 12). RIZMEDIA PUSTAKA INDONESIA. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/KENALI_ULKUS_DIABETIK_PENYEBAB_DAN_MANAJ/zLCqEAAABAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=ulkusdiabetik&pg=PR4&printsec=frontcover
Ogbeide, S. A., Johnson-Esparza, Y., & George, D. (2025). Applying Bloom's Taxonomy in Primary Care Behavioural Health Training. The Clinical Teacher, 22(3), e70099. https://doi.org/10.1111/tct.70099
Oktalia, A. W., Retnaningrum, Y. R., & Khotimah, S. (2021). Relationship between Peripheral Arterial Disease and HbA1c Levels with Amputation of Extremities in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda. Journal of Science and Health, 3(5), 715–721.
Parliani, Wahyuni, T., Ramadhaniyati, Usman, Pradika, J., & Lestari, L. (2021). Pocket Book of Knowing Diabetes Mellitus (H. Wijayanti (ed.)). CV Jejak, a member of IKAPI. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Saku_Mengenal_Diabetes_Mellitus/P11QEAAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Putri, A. A., Junando, M., & Sukohar, A. (2024). Review Article: Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Therapy of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Geriatric Patients. Medical Sciences, 2(5), 142–147.
Raja, J. M., Maturana, M. A., Kayali, S., Khouzam, A., & Efeovbokhan, N. (2023). Diabetic foot ulcer: A comprehensive review of pathophysiology and management modalities. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 11(8), 1684–1693. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v11.i8.1684
Sadale, H. S., Riu, S. D. M., & Yahya, I. M. (2023). The Effect of Health Education with Demonstration Method on the Ability to Care for Feet in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at the Ranomuut Manado Health Center. Journal of Public Health, 1(4), 133–147. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62027/praba.v1i4.38
Sangadji. (2023). Foot Gymnastics Health Education as an Effort to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Community Service: Health (JPKMK), 3.
Sari, Y., Upoyo, A. S., Isworo, A., Taufik, A., Sumeru, A., Anandari, D., & Sutrisna, E. (2020). Foot self-care behavior and its predictors in diabetic patients in Indonesia. BMC Research Notes, 13(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-020-4903-y
Sari, Y., Yusuf, S., Haryanto, H., Sumeru, A., & Saryono, S. (2022). The barriers and facilitators of foot care practices in diabetic patients in Indonesia: A qualitative study. Nursing Open, 9(6), 2867–2877. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.993
Setyaningsih, R. S. D., & Maliya, A. (2018). The Effect of Diabetic Foot Care Health Education with Demonstration Method on the Ability to Care for Feet in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Nursing Sciences, 11(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.23917/bik.v11i2.10581
Simanullang, R. H., Tambunan, D. M., Sagala, L. M. B., Mu'awanah, S., Laksmi, R. W., Fatma, E. P. L., Ni, K. P., Susiladewi, Vera, I. A. M., Simbolon, & Br, C. N. N. (2025). Oncology Nursing Textbook (Putu Intam). PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Buku_Ajar_Keperawatan_Onkologi/_yBNEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=1
Singh, N., Shukla, S. K., John, P., Bajpai, R., Chugh, P., Sengupta, R., Pushkar, R. R., Yadav, N., Singh, N., & Sadanandan, R. (2025). Unveiling the twin epidemics of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis of sex-specific prevalence, risk, and hotspots in India's epidemiological transition zones. BMC Public Health, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22983-y
So'o, R. W., Ratu, K., Folamauk, C. L. H., & Amat, A. L. S. (2022). Factors that affect public knowledge. Cendana Medical Journal, 10(1), 76–87.
Sriyati, S. (2024). Diabetic neuropathy as a predisposing factor for the occurrence of wounds on the legs. Scientific Journal of STIKES Yarsi Mataram, 14(1), 46–52. https://doi.org/10.57267/jisym.v14i1.336
Sukron, S. (2024). Diabetic Foot Care in Diabetic Mellitus Patients in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU). Medical Masks, 12(1), 78–87. https://doi.org/10.52523/maskermedika.v12i1.604
Sylvia, E., Kurdaningsih, S. V., Nuritasari, R. T., & Rasyada, A. (2024). Foot Care Education for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Journal of Aisyiyah Medika, 9(1), 178–191.
Taylor, D. C. M., & Hamdy, H. (2013). Adult learning theories: implications for learning and teaching in medical education: AMEE Guide No. 83. Medical Teacher, 35(11), e1561-72. https://doi.org/10.3109/0142159X.2013.828153
Utami Cahyaningtyas, & Rini Werdiningsih. (2022). Analysis of Factors of Healing Time for Diabetic Feet/Diabetic Ulcers in Type 2 Dm Patients. Journal of Media Administration, 7(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.56444/jma.v7i1.61
Wahyudi, A. S., Pratiwi, I. N., Bakar, A., Tristiana, R. D., & Has, E. M. M. (2025). Pendekatan_Teori_Keperawatan_pada_Pender. PT. Publisher Qriset Indonesia. https://www.google.co.id/books/edition/Pendekatan_Teori_Keperawatan_pada_Pender/cbdPEQAAQBAJ?hl=id&gbpv=0
World Health Organization. (2012). Therapeutic patient education (Lars Møller (ed.)).
Yalin, L., Samiasih, A., & Armiyati, Y. (2024). Foot Care Education in the Prevention of Diabetic Foot Ulcers Laksmi Yalini. Forikes Voice Health Research, 15(4), 136–139. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf15127
Yulyastuti, D. A., Maretnawati, E., & Amiruddin, F. (2021). Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Ulcers. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 6(11), 951–952.
Published
2026-03-10
How to Cite
Nurzia Delasfebrila Marukai, Ita Sulistiani Basir, & Sitti Fatimah M. Arsad. (2026). The Effect of Foot Care Demonstration Education on the Knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Tilongkabila Health Center. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(2). https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.10651
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurzia Delasfebrila Marukai, Ita Sulistiani Basir , Sitti Fatimah M. Arsad
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
