The Relationship of Sleep Hygiene with Anxiety in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Working Area of the Dungingi Health Center
Keywords:
Anxiety; Diabetes Mellitus; Sleep Hygiene
Abstract
Sleep hygiene is a habit that supports healthy sleep, such as maintaining a sleep routine and creating a comfortable sleeping environment. Sleep hygiene plays a role in sleep quality and psychological conditions, including anxiety, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM patients often experience sleep disorders that can increase anxiety., This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep hygiene and anxiety in DM patients at the Dungingi Health Center. The study used a quantitative method of cross-sectional design, with a population of 56 and involving 35 patients selected by purposive sampling. Sleep hygiene is measured by the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and anxiety levels by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The results showed that 57.1% of respondents had poor sleep hygiene, and 62.9% were in the category of moderate to high anxiety. There was a significant association between sleep hygiene and anxiety (p = 0.000), which suggests that sleep hygiene is not good in relation to increased anxiety in DM patients. and The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between poor sleep hygiene and increased anxiety levels in patients with diabetes mellitus
References
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Rezaei, M., Khalkhali, H. R., & Moghaddam, A. S. (2022). Relationship between sleep quality and anxiety in patients with chronic diseases. BMC Psychology, 10, 234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00977-3
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Tesfahun, E., Chare, F., & Melaku, T. (2022). Gender differences in quality of life and associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22, 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01173-4
Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Chen, J. (2023). Sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality among patients with chronic diseases. BMC Public Health, 23, 1784. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16671-5
Wright, K. P., Drake, A. L., & Frey, D. J. (2023). Influence of sleep disruption on stress physiology. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1176543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1176543
Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Zhou, J. (2023). Anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1132456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1132456
Adu, M. D., Malabu, U. H., Malau-Aduli, A. E. O., & Malau-Aduli, B. S. (2023). The relationship between education level, health literacy, and self-care behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 23, 98. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01320-6
Al-Aziz, S. F., Hidayat, A., & Aziz, A. (2024). Sleep quality and fatigue among nurses working in high-acuity clinical settings in Saudi Arabia. BMC Nursing, 23, 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01693-z
Aljuaid, M. O., Almutairi, A. M., Assiri, M. A., Almalki, D. M., & Alswat, K. (2023). Anxiety, depression, and quality of life among patients with diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 23, 41. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01266-9
Alramadan, M. J., Afroz, A., Hussain, S. M., & Magliano, D. J. (2023). Sleep quality, sleep duration and mental health among people with type 2 diabetes. BMJ Open, 13(3), e066875. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066875
Al-Sharman, A., Al-Delaimy, W. K., & Wood, A. C. (2023). Emotional regulation, stress, and sleep quality in middle-aged adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1184329. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184329
Alzahrani, S. H., Alghamdi, A. A., Alotaibi, R. M., & Alqarni, A. S. (2024). Sleep disturbance, anxiety, and associated factors among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Psychology, 12, 64. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01542-7
Ben Simon, E., Rossi, A., & Walker, M. P. (2023). Sleep loss and the emotional brain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 27(4), 300–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.12.004
Buchanan, T., McMullin, S., & Lau, J. Y. F. (2022). Psychological stress and chronic illness management. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 892145. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.892145
Chew, B. H., Vos, R., Mohd-Sidik, S., Rutten, G. E. H. M., & Zain, F. M. (2021). Anxiety and depression among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 446. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03447-6
Díaz-Ramiro, E. M., Rubio-Valdehita, S., & López-Núñez, M. I. (2022). Age differences in sleep habits and circadian preference in adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5487. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095487
Fang, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2022). Coping strategies and psychological well-being among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 857345. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.857345
Federation, I. D. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas (10th ed.). International Diabetes Federation. https://diabetesatlas.org
Gao, L., Jiang, Y., Liu, Q., & Chen, X. (2024). Self-efficacy and anxiety among patients with type 2 diabetes. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1310245. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310245
Gonzalez, J. S., Peyrot, M., & McCarl, L. A. (2021). Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: A meta-analysis. Psychosomatic Medicine, 83(4), 306–318. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000919
Indonesia, K. K. R. (2023). Indonesia's Health Profile in 2022. Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. https://www.kemkes.go.id
Irish, L. A., Kline, C. E., Gunn, H. E., Buysse, D. J., & Hall, M. H. (2021). Sleep hygiene and sleep quality: The role of individual behaviors and environmental factors. Sleep Health, 7(2), 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2021.01.006
Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J., & Pacini, G. (2023). Sex and gender differences in diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1097123. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1097123
Khandelwal, D., Dutta, D., & Kalra, S. (2022). Sleep disorders and glycemic variability in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome, 16(5), 102630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102630
Knutson, K. L., Broussard, J. L., & Chaput, J.-P. (2022). Sleep and metabolic health: A population-based perspective. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 10(9), 662–674. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00152-8
Kugbey, N., Meyer-Weitz, A., & Asante, K. O. (2022). Mental health and quality of life among people living with diabetes. BMC Psychology, 10, 180. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00904-6
Li, Y., Wang, D. D., Ley, S. H., Vasanti, M., & Hu, F. B. (2023). Age-related metabolic changes and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A population-based study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1189654. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1189654
Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Chen, H. (2024). Protective psychosocial factors and anxiety among patients with chronic illness. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, 1349021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1349021
Morton, C. J., Murray, J. M., & McNeil, J. (2021). Electronic media use before bedtime and its impact on sleep quality. Nature and Science of Sleep, 13, 1261–1272. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S325124
Park, S., Kim, J., & Lee, H. (2023). Daily routines, sleep, and mental health in adults with chronic disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053921
Peng, J., Li, X., Zhao, Y., & Chen, L. (2025). Anxiety is closely associated with sleep hygiene among college students: Mediating role of subjective well-being and physical activity. Journal of Sleep and Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12486722/
Reutrakul, S., & Van Cauter, E. (2022). Sleep influences on metabolism and diabetes pathophysiology. Diabetes Care, 45(1), 12–20. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0049
Rezaei, M., Khalkhali, H. R., & Moghaddam, A. S. (2022). Relationship between sleep quality and anxiety in patients with chronic diseases. BMC Psychology, 10, 234. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00977-3
Sendekie, A. K., Limenh, L. W., Bizuneh, G. K., & Kasahun, A. E. (2025). Psychological distress and glycemic control among patients with diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Medicine, 12, 1488023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2025.1488023
Tesfahun, E., Chare, F., & Melaku, T. (2022). Gender differences in quality of life and associated factors among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22, 312. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01173-4
Wang, Y., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Chen, J. (2023). Sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality among patients with chronic diseases. BMC Public Health, 23, 1784. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16671-5
Wright, K. P., Drake, A. L., & Frey, D. J. (2023). Influence of sleep disruption on stress physiology. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1176543. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1176543
Zhang, Y., Li, X., & Zhou, J. (2023). Anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1132456. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1132456
Published
2026-04-14
How to Cite
Natasya Pratiwi Abidin, Andi Nuraina Sudirman, Nur Uyuun I. Biahimo, & Sabirin B. Syukur. (2026). The Relationship of Sleep Hygiene with Anxiety in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Working Area of the Dungingi Health Center. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(2), 1332~1338. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.10730
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Copyright (c) 2026 Natasya Pratiwi Abidin, Andi Nuraina Sudirman, Nur Uyuun I. Biahimo, Sabirin B. Syukur
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