The Relationship between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Disorders in Elementary School Age Children in Grades 5-6 at Sdn 11 Telaga Biru, Gorontalo Regency
Keywords:
Elementary School Children; Sleep Disorders; Sleep Hygiene
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental physiological process for the recovery of body organs and the optimization of children's cognitive function. However, many children experience sleep disorders, which are conditions that disrupt normal sleep patterns, both in terms of duration, quality, and sleep time. One of the triggers is poor sleep hygiene, which is a series of behavioral habits and environmental settings designed to support healthy sleep. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep disorders in students in grades 5-6 at SDN 11 Telaga Biru. The study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design involving 44 students as a sample (total sampling). Data were collected using the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) and Sleep Disturbance Scale For Children (SDSC) questionnaires, then analyzed bivariately using the Fisher's Exact Test. The findings showed that the majority of respondents had moderate hygiene (50%) and experienced severe sleep disorders (59.1%). The results of the statistical test obtained a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), which proves that there is a significant relationship between sleep hygiene and sleep disorders. The worse the implementation of healthy sleep habits, the higher the risk of children experiencing severe sleep disorders. There is a real link between daily sleep behavior and the appearance of sleep disorders in children.
References
Ahmed, R., Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2023). Pediatric parasomnias and sleep patterns: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Child Sleep Research, 12(4), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.1234/jcsr.2023.0124
Al Mamun, A., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. A., & Islam, M. S. (2023). Factors affecting sleep quality among hospitalized children: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 23, 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04217-6
Alwanda, T. P., & A, S. (2023). Relationship Between Sleep Habits And Sleep Disorders For 1–3 Years Old Children At Posyandu Lawen, Pandanarum. 1(1), 103–114.
Amaral, C., Fernandez, M. S., Chisini, L. A., Boscato, N., Jansen, K., & Goettems, M. (2024). Sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation in the management of sleep bruxism in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.13102
Chung, W., Kyriaki, L., & Arciuli, J. (2023). Associations between sleep, reading, and mathematics in Taiwanese children. British Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12586
Cohen, Y., Reiter, J., & Gileles-Hillel, A. (2024). Sleep-related disorders in children: A narrative review. Pediatric Discovery, 2, e76. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi3.76
Daulay, E. D., Yusrita, L., & Kusuma, A. (2024). Application of Sleep Hygiene Therapy in Preschool-age Children. Scholar Magazine Serving, 2(4), 329–335.
Faradianti, E. (2024). The Effect of Sleep Hygiene Techniques on the Quality of Sleep of School-Age Children. Journal of Medical Health, 2, 121–134.
Fikri, F., Dungga, E. F., & Wulansari, I. (2023). Analysis of Online Game Addiction with the Quality of Adolescent Sleep in Gorontalo. Jambura Nursing Journal, 5(2).
Halal, C. D. S., & Nunes, M. L. (2025). Sleep disorder assessment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 102, 101441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2025.101441
Hua, J., Li, Z., Wen, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). Prevalence of sleep disorder in Chinese preschoolers: A national population-based study. Nature and Science of Sleep, 14, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S343358
Indriyanto, J. (2021). K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for insurance customer prediction. NEM Publishers.
Irnanda, R. A. (2023). The Effect of Sleep Disorders and Gender Parameters on the Prevalence of Myopia in Wahid Hasyim Junior High School Students in Malang (Vol. 11).
Isnaini A., N., Lestari, R., Mariko, R., & Ihsan, I. (2025). Sleep disorders and related factors in children 4–5 years old. International Journal of Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250672
Jannah, D. S. M., & Hidajat, H. G. (2024). Analysis of the causative factors of sleep disorders: a cross-cultural psychological study. Psyche 165 Journal, 17(3), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i3.372
Karunanayake, C., Thompson, C., Kachroo, M. J., Rennie, D., Seesequasis, W., Seesequasis, J., Dosman, J. A., Fenton, M., Ramsden, V., King, M., Abonyi, S., & Kirychuk, S. (2025). Sleep patterns, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep disturbance among First Nations children in Saskatchewan. Clocks & Sleep, 7(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021
Koinis-Mitchell, D., Boergers, J., Yeo, A. J., Molera, G., Kopel, S., McQuaid, E. L., Wolfson, A. R., & Canino, G. (2023). A pilot randomized control trial demonstrating the efficacy of the SIESTA sleep hygiene intervention. Clinical Pediatrics, 63, 1062–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231173027
Kurniawati, B. H., & Herwanto, H. (2021). The Effect of Sleep Hygiene on the Sleep Duration of Grades 1–6 in SD X West Jakarta. Tarumanagara Medical Journal, 3(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v3i2.11739
Liu, J., Ji, X., Pitt, S., Wang, G., Rovit, E., Lipman, T., & Jiang, F. (2022). Childhood sleep: Physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences and implications. World Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-022-00647-w
Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Chen, X., & Li, S. (2022). Sleep disturbance and associated factors among hospitalized children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 64, e15–e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.03.005
Mezzofranco, L., Agostini, L., Boutarbouche, A., Melato, S., Zalunardo, F., Franco, A., & Gracco, A. (2025). Sleep Habits and Disorders in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Parental Questionnaires. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040489
Mindell, J. A., Lewandowski, A. S., & Leichman, E. S. (2022). Bed-sharing and sleep outcomes in young children and their parents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 47(4), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab123
Ogundele, M., & Yemula, C. (2022). Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 11(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v11.i3.239
Pasalari, S., Khorramdel, K., Kateb, B., Rao, K. S., & Nami, M. (2021). Scrutinizing the clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes in a case of parasomnia with sleepwalking disorder associated with nocturnal violence. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/aq9dg
Ramadhani, R. N., Afiah, A., & Indrawati, I. (2024). The Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Sleep Hygiene in Children. Science: Indonesian Journal of Science, 1(4), 1008–1012.
Sakata, S., Kunimatsu, R., Ikeda, K., Sugai, K., Ogashira, S., & Tanimoto, K. (2025). Prevalence of and sex-related differences in excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with malocclusion. Diagnostics, 15(12), 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121527
Spruyt, K., & Gozal, D. (2023). Validation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Reliability and applicability in pediatric populations. Nature and Science of Sleep, 15, 387–401. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010387
Suri, O. I., & Soleha, I. R. (2023). The Relationship Between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Disorders in Elementary School-Age Children. Journal of Health, 14(1), 121–125.
Vanagas, T., Lipskyt?, D., Tamoši?nait?, J., Petrikonis, K., & Pajediene, E. (2025). Can we reduce the diagnostic burden of sleep disorders? A single-centre study of subjective and objective sleep-related diagnostic parameters. Medicine, 61, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050780
Volkovich, E., Bar-Kalifa, E., & Tikotzky, L. (2021). Parent–child co-sleeping and psychosocial outcomes in early childhood. Sleep Health, 7(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.11.009
Al Mamun, A., Rahman, M. M., Hossain, M. A., & Islam, M. S. (2023). Factors affecting sleep quality among hospitalized children: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics, 23, 417. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-04217-6
Alwanda, T. P., & A, S. (2023). Relationship Between Sleep Habits And Sleep Disorders For 1–3 Years Old Children At Posyandu Lawen, Pandanarum. 1(1), 103–114.
Amaral, C., Fernandez, M. S., Chisini, L. A., Boscato, N., Jansen, K., & Goettems, M. (2024). Sleep hygiene measures combined with mindfulness meditation in the management of sleep bruxism in children: A randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.13102
Chung, W., Kyriaki, L., & Arciuli, J. (2023). Associations between sleep, reading, and mathematics in Taiwanese children. British Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12586
Cohen, Y., Reiter, J., & Gileles-Hillel, A. (2024). Sleep-related disorders in children: A narrative review. Pediatric Discovery, 2, e76. https://doi.org/10.1002/pdi3.76
Daulay, E. D., Yusrita, L., & Kusuma, A. (2024). Application of Sleep Hygiene Therapy in Preschool-age Children. Scholar Magazine Serving, 2(4), 329–335.
Faradianti, E. (2024). The Effect of Sleep Hygiene Techniques on the Quality of Sleep of School-Age Children. Journal of Medical Health, 2, 121–134.
Fikri, F., Dungga, E. F., & Wulansari, I. (2023). Analysis of Online Game Addiction with the Quality of Adolescent Sleep in Gorontalo. Jambura Nursing Journal, 5(2).
Halal, C. D. S., & Nunes, M. L. (2025). Sleep disorder assessment in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders. Journal of Pediatrics, 102, 101441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2025.101441
Hua, J., Li, Z., Wen, X., & Sun, Y. (2022). Prevalence of sleep disorder in Chinese preschoolers: A national population-based study. Nature and Science of Sleep, 14, 129–139. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S343358
Indriyanto, J. (2021). K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm for insurance customer prediction. NEM Publishers.
Irnanda, R. A. (2023). The Effect of Sleep Disorders and Gender Parameters on the Prevalence of Myopia in Wahid Hasyim Junior High School Students in Malang (Vol. 11).
Isnaini A., N., Lestari, R., Mariko, R., & Ihsan, I. (2025). Sleep disorders and related factors in children 4–5 years old. International Journal of Research and Review. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250672
Jannah, D. S. M., & Hidajat, H. G. (2024). Analysis of the causative factors of sleep disorders: a cross-cultural psychological study. Psyche 165 Journal, 17(3), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i3.372
Karunanayake, C., Thompson, C., Kachroo, M. J., Rennie, D., Seesequasis, W., Seesequasis, J., Dosman, J. A., Fenton, M., Ramsden, V., King, M., Abonyi, S., & Kirychuk, S. (2025). Sleep patterns, excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep disturbance among First Nations children in Saskatchewan. Clocks & Sleep, 7(2), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep7020021
Koinis-Mitchell, D., Boergers, J., Yeo, A. J., Molera, G., Kopel, S., McQuaid, E. L., Wolfson, A. R., & Canino, G. (2023). A pilot randomized control trial demonstrating the efficacy of the SIESTA sleep hygiene intervention. Clinical Pediatrics, 63, 1062–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231173027
Kurniawati, B. H., & Herwanto, H. (2021). The Effect of Sleep Hygiene on the Sleep Duration of Grades 1–6 in SD X West Jakarta. Tarumanagara Medical Journal, 3(1), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.24912/tmj.v3i2.11739
Liu, J., Ji, X., Pitt, S., Wang, G., Rovit, E., Lipman, T., & Jiang, F. (2022). Childhood sleep: Physical, cognitive, and behavioral consequences and implications. World Journal of Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-022-00647-w
Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Chen, X., & Li, S. (2022). Sleep disturbance and associated factors among hospitalized children. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 64, e15–e22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2022.03.005
Mezzofranco, L., Agostini, L., Boutarbouche, A., Melato, S., Zalunardo, F., Franco, A., & Gracco, A. (2025). Sleep Habits and Disorders in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Parental Questionnaires. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040489
Mindell, J. A., Lewandowski, A. S., & Leichman, E. S. (2022). Bed-sharing and sleep outcomes in young children and their parents. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 47(4), 438–448. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab123
Ogundele, M., & Yemula, C. (2022). Management of sleep disorders among children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders: A practical guide for clinicians. World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, 11(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.5409/wjcp.v11.i3.239
Pasalari, S., Khorramdel, K., Kateb, B., Rao, K. S., & Nami, M. (2021). Scrutinizing the clinical symptoms and treatment outcomes in a case of parasomnia with sleepwalking disorder associated with nocturnal violence. OSF Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/aq9dg
Ramadhani, R. N., Afiah, A., & Indrawati, I. (2024). The Relationship between Sleep Disorders and Sleep Hygiene in Children. Science: Indonesian Journal of Science, 1(4), 1008–1012.
Sakata, S., Kunimatsu, R., Ikeda, K., Sugai, K., Ogashira, S., & Tanimoto, K. (2025). Prevalence of and sex-related differences in excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents and young adults with malocclusion. Diagnostics, 15(12), 1527. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15121527
Spruyt, K., & Gozal, D. (2023). Validation of the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC): Reliability and applicability in pediatric populations. Nature and Science of Sleep, 15, 387–401. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15010387
Suri, O. I., & Soleha, I. R. (2023). The Relationship Between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Disorders in Elementary School-Age Children. Journal of Health, 14(1), 121–125.
Vanagas, T., Lipskyt?, D., Tamoši?nait?, J., Petrikonis, K., & Pajediene, E. (2025). Can we reduce the diagnostic burden of sleep disorders? A single-centre study of subjective and objective sleep-related diagnostic parameters. Medicine, 61, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61050780
Volkovich, E., Bar-Kalifa, E., & Tikotzky, L. (2021). Parent–child co-sleeping and psychosocial outcomes in early childhood. Sleep Health, 7(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.11.009
Published
2026-04-14
How to Cite
Nurhalizah Hi Kader, Dewi Modjo, Lenny Ali, & Indrawati. (2026). The Relationship between Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Disorders in Elementary School Age Children in Grades 5-6 at Sdn 11 Telaga Biru, Gorontalo Regency. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(2), 1346~1352. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.10733
Issue
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurhalizah Hi Kader, Dewi Modjo, Lenny Ali, Indrawati
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
