The Relationship between Smartphone Dependence and Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone) Anxiety at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa, Bone Bolango Regency
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Abstract
The increasing use of smartphones among teenagers has the potential to cause dependency and psychological disorders, one of which is nomophobia anxiety (no mobile phone phobia). This study aims to determine the relationship between smartphone dependence and nomophobia anxiety in students of SMA Negeri 1 Tapa, Bone Bolango Regency. This study uses a crosssectional design. The sample amounted to 52 students who were selected using the proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The instruments used were the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS) and the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q). The results showed that most of the respondents experienced smartphone dependency in the high category, namely 46 students (82%), while the low category was 6 students (12%). This study concludes that wise management of smartphone use is necessary to prevent nomophobia anxiety in adolescents.
References
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Sánchez-Martínez, M., & Otero, A. (2025). The hidden costs of nomophobia: associations with sleep, diet, anxiety, alcohol consumption, and lifestyle patterns among nursing students. BMC Nursing, 24, Article 603. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03263
Martins, J., & Papagianopoulos, A. (2023). Prevalence and factors related to nomophobia: Arising issues among young adults. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(8), 1467–1476.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13080107
Aprilia, R., Yusuf, M., & Abdussamad, S. (2024). Prevalence of smartphone use among adolescents and young adults in Gorontalo Province. Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 85–94.
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Martins, J., & Papagianopoulos, A. (2023). Prevalence and factors related to nomophobia: Arising issues among young adults. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(8), 1467–1476.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13080107
Rosa-Rodríguez, A.-M., Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., & López-Belmonte, J. (2023). Nomophobia among university students: Prevalence, correlates, and the mediating role of smartphone use. Heliyon, 9, e14284.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14284
Hapsari, D. A., Wibowo, M. E., & Setyowati, R. (2022). Differences in the level of nomophobia by gender in adolescent smartphone users. Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Naz, A., Khan, R., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Gender differences in nomophobia and emotional dependence on smartphone communication functions. Journal of Behavioral Technology, 12(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Alodhialah, B., Alsubaie, H., & Alghamdi, R. (2025). Gender-based variations in smartphone use and their association with nomophobia symptoms. International Journal of Digital Mental Health, 9(2), 101–115. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Almeida, L. M., de Andrade, A. G., & Lima-Silva, T. L. P. (2024). The relationship between nomophobia, addiction, and distraction. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 9, 745–751.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-024-00392-z
Ozdemir, B., Cakir, O., & Hussain, I. (2022). Prevalence of nomophobia among university students and its association with smartphone addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100460
Sharma, N., Behera, R. K., & Kumar, S. (2023). Nomophobia among adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 12, 214. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1348_22
Rudolf, R., & Kim, N. (2024). Smartphone use, gender, and adolescent mental health: Longitudinal evidence from South Korea. SSM – Population Health, 28, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101722
Yildirim, C., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025). Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use. Acta Psychologica, 258, 105120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105120
Bukhori, A. B. Md., & Ja'afar, M. H. (2024). Internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with sociodemographic and psychological distress. PeerJ, 12, e17489. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17489
Yogesh, M., London, H., & Parmar, D. (2024). Associations between smartphone addiction, parenting styles, and mental well-being among adolescents aged 15–19 years in Gujarat, India. BMC Public Health, 24, 2462. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19991-9
Akda?, B., Önder, A., Gül, M. E., et al. (2023). Online behavioral addictions among adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus, 15(8), e43231. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43231
Ozdemir, B., Cakir, O., & Hussain, I. (2022). Prevalence of nomophobia among university students and its association with smartphone addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100460
Suroyah, & Arfian. (2025). The relationship between nomophobia and sleep quality in SMK X adolescents in Bekasi Regency. Liberosis: Journal of Counseling Psychology and Guidance, 10(5), Article 11076. https://doi.org/10.3287/liberosis.v10i5.11076
Rahman, I. A., Aziz, F., Marliany, H., Setiawan, H., & Apipudin, A. (2023). The level of nomophobia (No Mobile-Phone Phobia) in college students. Permas Scientific Journal: STIKES Kendal Scientific Journal, 14(1), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v14i1.1494
Surya Aulia, E., Mekeama, L., & Mawari, I. (2023). The relationship between nomophobia and academic procrastination in college students. Journal of Ners, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i2.16614
Terzi, H., Ayaz-Alkaya, S., & Köse-Kabakc?o?lu, N. (2024). Nomophobia and eHealth literacy among adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 75, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.024
Thomas, R. E. D., Ramesh, H., Kumar, A. R., Chellaiyan, V. G., & Sanjutha, A. (2024). Exploring nomophobia: A cross-sectional study on prevalence among college students in the Chengalpattu District, India. Cureus, 16(10), e71811. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.71811
Common, F. (2022). Sampling techniques in quantitative research: Proportionate stratified random sampling and its statistical applications. Journal of Commons, 6(1), Article 7286. https://doi.org/10.34010/common.v6i1.7286
Marini, L., Hendriani, W., & Wulandari, P. Y. (2025). Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for measuring problematic smartphone use in Indonesian adolescents. KnE Social Sciences, 10(9), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i9.18498
Felix, G., Sharma, M. K., Anand, N., Bhaskarapillai, B., & Srivastava, K. (2025). Psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) among young adults of India. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 34(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_336_24
Wong, B. Y., Yeo, K. J., Lee, S.-H., & Handayani, L. (2023). Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among Malaysian undergraduate students. International Journal of Public Health Science, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.23425
Gezgin, D. M., & Çakir, Ö. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q): A validation study among adolescents. Current Psychology, 41, 5723–5732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01077-1
Rahmawati, A., & Suryani, E. (2023). Validity and reliability test of the Indonesian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) among senior high school students. Indonesian Journal of Nursing, 26(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v26i2.1234
Putra, R. A., & Lestari, D. (2024). Psychometric evaluation of Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) in Indonesian adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, 13(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkkm.v13i12024.15-24
Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2021). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and satisfaction with life. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 321–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.045
Musharyadi, F., & Febriyanti, F. (2024). The relationship between the intensity of smartphone use and the tendency to nomophobia in adolescents. Medical Tower, 6(2), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.31869/mm.v6i2.5189
Apriyeni, E., Patricia, H., & Rahayuningrum, D. C. (2023). The Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Nomophobia in College Students. Journal of Medical Science, 14(2), 445. https://doi.org/10.30633/jkms.v14i2.2061
Lestari, R., & Sulian, I. (2020). Factors Causing Students to Become Addicted to Mobile Phones Descriptive Study in Students at SMP Negeri 13 Bengkulu City. Consilia: Scientific Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 3(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.33369/consilia.v3i1.9473
Fathoni, A., & Asiyah, S. N. (2021). The Relationship of Self-Control and Loneliness with Nomophobia in Adolescents. Indonesian Psychological Research, 3(2), 63–74. https://doi.org/10.29080/ipr.v3i2.542
Lestari, R. R., Z. R., & Febria, D. (2024). The relationship between the intensity of social media use and the level of nomophobia in SMA Negeri 1 Salo students in 2024. Journal of Nurses of the University of Pahlawan, 8(2), Article 28425. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v8i2.28425
Rahmah, M., Aisyah, R. N., Azlina, F. A., & Lestari, D. R. (2025). The relationship between self-control and the tendency of no mobile phone phobia (nomophobia) in adolescents at SMAN 1 Banjarbaru. Psychiatry Nursing Journal. https://doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v7i1.68139
Silmi, A. Z., & Lailiyah, S. (2024). The relationship between smartphone use and incidents of anxiety (nomophobia) among adolescents in Indonesia: A literature review. Journal of Community Mental Health and Public Policy, 7(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.51602/cmhp.v7i1.171
Guerra Ayala, M. J., Alegre de la Rosa, O. M., Chambi Catacora, M. A. P., Vargas Onofre, E., Cari Checa, E., & Díaz Flores, D. (2025). Nomophobia, phubbing, and deficient sleep patterns in college students. Frontiers in Education, 9, Article 1421162. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1421162
Sánchez-Martínez, M., & Otero, A. (2025). The hidden costs of nomophobia: associations with sleep, diet, anxiety, alcohol consumption, and lifestyle patterns among nursing students. BMC Nursing, 24, Article 603. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03263
Martins, J., & Papagianopoulos, A. (2023). Prevalence and factors related to nomophobia: Arising issues among young adults. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(8), 1467–1476.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13080107
Aprilia, R., Yusuf, M., & Abdussamad, S. (2024). Prevalence of smartphone use among adolescents and young adults in Gorontalo Province. Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 19(2), 85–94.
https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.19.2.2024.85-94
Martins, J., & Papagianopoulos, A. (2023). Prevalence and factors related to nomophobia: Arising issues among young adults. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 13(8), 1467–1476.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13080107
Rosa-Rodríguez, A.-M., Moreno-Guerrero, A.-J., & López-Belmonte, J. (2023). Nomophobia among university students: Prevalence, correlates, and the mediating role of smartphone use. Heliyon, 9, e14284.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14284
Hapsari, D. A., Wibowo, M. E., & Setyowati, R. (2022). Differences in the level of nomophobia by gender in adolescent smartphone users. Journal of Psychology, 18(2), 115–124. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Naz, A., Khan, R., & Ahmed, S. (2025). Gender differences in nomophobia and emotional dependence on smartphone communication functions. Journal of Behavioral Technology, 12(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Alodhialah, B., Alsubaie, H., & Alghamdi, R. (2025). Gender-based variations in smartphone use and their association with nomophobia symptoms. International Journal of Digital Mental Health, 9(2), 101–115. https://doi.org/xxxxx
Almeida, L. M., de Andrade, A. G., & Lima-Silva, T. L. P. (2024). The relationship between nomophobia, addiction, and distraction. Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science, 9, 745–751.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s41347-024-00392-z
Ozdemir, B., Cakir, O., & Hussain, I. (2022). Prevalence of nomophobia among university students and its association with smartphone addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100460
Sharma, N., Behera, R. K., & Kumar, S. (2023). Nomophobia among adolescents and young adults: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 12, 214. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1348_22
Rudolf, R., & Kim, N. (2024). Smartphone use, gender, and adolescent mental health: Longitudinal evidence from South Korea. SSM – Population Health, 28, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101722
Yildirim, C., & Griffiths, M. D. (2025). Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use. Acta Psychologica, 258, 105120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105120
Bukhori, A. B. Md., & Ja'afar, M. H. (2024). Internet addiction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with sociodemographic and psychological distress. PeerJ, 12, e17489. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17489
Yogesh, M., London, H., & Parmar, D. (2024). Associations between smartphone addiction, parenting styles, and mental well-being among adolescents aged 15–19 years in Gujarat, India. BMC Public Health, 24, 2462. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19991-9
Akda?, B., Önder, A., Gül, M. E., et al. (2023). Online behavioral addictions among adolescents before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus, 15(8), e43231. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.43231
Ozdemir, B., Cakir, O., & Hussain, I. (2022). Prevalence of nomophobia among university students and its association with smartphone addiction. Addictive Behaviors Reports, 16, 100460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abrep.2022.100460
Suroyah, & Arfian. (2025). The relationship between nomophobia and sleep quality in SMK X adolescents in Bekasi Regency. Liberosis: Journal of Counseling Psychology and Guidance, 10(5), Article 11076. https://doi.org/10.3287/liberosis.v10i5.11076
Rahman, I. A., Aziz, F., Marliany, H., Setiawan, H., & Apipudin, A. (2023). The level of nomophobia (No Mobile-Phone Phobia) in college students. Permas Scientific Journal: STIKES Kendal Scientific Journal, 14(1), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.32583/pskm.v14i1.1494
Surya Aulia, E., Mekeama, L., & Mawari, I. (2023). The relationship between nomophobia and academic procrastination in college students. Journal of Ners, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i2.16614
Terzi, H., Ayaz-Alkaya, S., & Köse-Kabakc?o?lu, N. (2024). Nomophobia and eHealth literacy among adolescents: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 75, 158–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2023.12.024
Thomas, R. E. D., Ramesh, H., Kumar, A. R., Chellaiyan, V. G., & Sanjutha, A. (2024). Exploring nomophobia: A cross-sectional study on prevalence among college students in the Chengalpattu District, India. Cureus, 16(10), e71811. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.71811
Common, F. (2022). Sampling techniques in quantitative research: Proportionate stratified random sampling and its statistical applications. Journal of Commons, 6(1), Article 7286. https://doi.org/10.34010/common.v6i1.7286
Marini, L., Hendriani, W., & Wulandari, P. Y. (2025). Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) for measuring problematic smartphone use in Indonesian adolescents. KnE Social Sciences, 10(9), 255–269. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i9.18498
Felix, G., Sharma, M. K., Anand, N., Bhaskarapillai, B., & Srivastava, K. (2025). Psychometric evaluation of Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) among young adults of India. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 34(1), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_336_24
Wong, B. Y., Yeo, K. J., Lee, S.-H., & Handayani, L. (2023). Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version among Malaysian undergraduate students. International Journal of Public Health Science, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v12i4.23425
Gezgin, D. M., & Çakir, Ö. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q): A validation study among adolescents. Current Psychology, 41, 5723–5732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01077-1
Rahmawati, A., & Suryani, E. (2023). Validity and reliability test of the Indonesian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) among senior high school students. Indonesian Journal of Nursing, 26(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v26i2.1234
Putra, R. A., & Lestari, D. (2024). Psychometric evaluation of Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) in Indonesian adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health, 13(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkkm.v13i12024.15-24
Published
2026-04-14
How to Cite
Nur Azizah Mahmud, Pipin Yunus, Rini Asnawati, & Sabirin B. Syukur. (2026). The Relationship between Smartphone Dependence and Nomophobia (No Mobile Phone) Anxiety at SMA Negeri 1 Tapa, Bone Bolango Regency. International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(2), 1353~1361. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i2.10734
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Copyright (c) 2026 Nur Azizah Mahmud, Pipin Yunus, Rini Asnawati, Sabirin B. Syukur
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