Factors related to the degree of hypertension in the working area of the Limboto Health Center
Keywords:
Physical Activity, Smoking Behavior, Stress
Abstract
Hypertension is a condition of increased blood pressure that is chronic and can cause serious complications if not controlled properly. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity, stress levels, and smoking behavior are thought to be related to the severity of hypertension. This study aims to analyze factors related to the degree of hypertension in the working area of the Limboto Health Center.
This research method is quantitative with a correlational analytical design through a cross sectional approach. The population is all hypertensive patients totaling 4,575 people, and a sample of 98 respondents using purposive sampling techniques. The research instruments are the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). The data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank test.
The results showed that most of the respondents had low physical activity (44.9%), moderate stress levels (42.9%), and moderate smoking behavior (36.7%). Based on the results of the Spearman Rank test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and the degree of hypertension (p-value = 0.000 and the correlation coefficient r = -0.755), there was a significant relationship between the level of stress and the degree of hypertension (p-value = 0.000 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.469), and there was a significant relationship between smoking behavior and the degree of hypertension (p-value = 0.000 and the correlation coefficient r = 0.572).
The conclusion of this study shows that there is a relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and smoking behavior with the degree of hypertension in people in the Limboto Health Center Working Area. The lower the physical activity, the higher the level of stress, and the more severe the smoking behavior, the higher the degree of hypertension in the respondents. Thus, the target of this research is expected to be the basis for health workers in the work area of the Limboto Health Center to increase promotive and preventive efforts through health education, routine screening, and improvement of healthy living behaviors to reduce the risk and severity of hypertension in the community.
References
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Affandi, A. A., & Hamzah, N. (2025). Risk Factor Analysis of Hypertension, 9 (April), 837–848.
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Alfianur, A., & Novikasari, B. Y. (2023). The relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in people with hypertension. JOURNAL OF Medical Surgical Concerns, 3(2), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.56922/msc.v3i2.241
Amananti, W. (2024). DATA PROCESSING, 4(02), 7823–7830.
Andika, G. A., Graharti, R., Medicine, F., & Lampung, U. (2025). Update on Hypertension Guidelines: A Literature Review, 15, 580–585.
Anisa, S. R., Debora, O., Sulartri, A. S., & Malang, P. W. (2025). ( Physical Activity Related To Blood Pressure Regulation in, 13(2), 265–271.
Ardian, I., Nursalam, N., Ahsan, A., & Nu, N. (2024). The development of an islamic nursing care model to improve patient satisfaction, 19(1), 3–12.
Candra Susanto, P., Ulfah Arini, D., Yuntina, L., Panatap Soehaditama, J., & Nuraeni, N. (2024). Quantitative Research Concepts: Population, Samples, and Data Analysis (A Literature Review). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v3i1.504
Devi, M., Lutfi, M. I., Wiratningrum, N. K. D., Hanum, A. N., Himayani, R., & Sangging, P. R. A. (2023). Enforcement of Diagnosis and Management of Hypertensive Retinopathy. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 13(4.1), 174–181.
Febriyanti, H. et al. (2024). Journal of Nursing, 16(August 2023), 599–608.
Fitrhi, N. K. et al. (2024). Factors related to factors related to the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (60-74 years). Environmental Health Management, 13(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.37048/kesehatan.v13i1.301
Gaya, P. V., Fonseca, G. W. P., Tanji, L. T., Abe, T. O., Alves, M. J. N. N., of Lima Santos, P. C., ... Scholz, J. R. (2024). Smoking cessation decreases arterial blood pressure in hypertensive smokers: A subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial GENTSMOKING. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 22, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/186853
Harper, H. T. (2023). Hypertension as a risk factor in coronary heart disease. Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 65(2), 62–63.
Hayati, S., & Saputra, L. A. (2023). The Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Cv. Jaya Anugrah. Business Management, 2(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.58258/bisnis.v2i1.5430
Henny Dwi Hernita, Hermanto Hermanto, & Kristin Rosela. (2024). Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Hypertension in the Working Area of the Tumbang Talaken Health Center, Gunung Mas Regency. The Journal of General Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research, 2(2), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.57213/tjghpsr.v2i2.423
Hidayani, H., Santi, T. D., & Arbi, A. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE AND STRESS ON THE INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN MEN AGED 45-54 YEARS IN THE WORK AREA OF ULEE KARENG HEALTH CENTER, BANDA ACEH CITY IN 2023, 5 (September), 10078–10084.
Ina, S. H. J., Selly, J. B., & Feoh, F. T. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between genetic factors and the incidence of hypertension in young adults (19-49 years) at the Bakunase Health Center, Kupang City in 2021. CHMK Health Journal, 4(3), 217–221.
Jareebi, M. A. (2024). The Association Between Smoking Behavior and the Risk of Hypertension : Review of the Observational and Genetic Evidence, (July).
Junaidi, R., Risnita, Jailani, M. S., & Nasution, F. H. (2024). Principles of Instrument Calibration Development in Research. Journal of Honorable Mention, 15(2), 11–12.
Leroy L, Majid, S., Wang, N., Fetterman, J. L., Palmisano, J. N., Benjamin, E. J., ... Hamburg, N. M. (2025). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of smoking behaviour with central arterial haemodynamic measures : the Framingham Heart Study European journal of preventive Cardiology. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf012
Lingga, M. O., Pakpahan, R. E., Sri, F., & Br, H. (2024). The Relationship between Stress Level and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients of Productive Age at the Padang Bulan Medan Health Center in 2023, 4, 2043–2056.
Lusno, M. F. D., Haksama, S., Wulandari, A., & Sriram, S. (2023). Association between smoking and hypertension as a disease burden in Sidoarjo : a case-control study, 9–16.
Makawekes, E., Suling, L., & Kallo, V. (2023). The Effect of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in the Elderly 60-74 Years. Journal of Nursing, 8(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v8i1.28415
Mamile, R., Hidayati, P. H., Tabri, N. A., Doctor, P. P., Medicine, F., Indonesia, U. M., ... Criterion, M. (2024). SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: The death toll is the highest in the world, and often asymptomatic. Hypertension is characterized by the unavailability of full text and irrelevant content. Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart illustrating the study selection process., 5, 13918–13925.
Muhammad Yunus, I Wayan Chandra Aditya, D. R. E. (2022). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND SEX AND THE INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT THE HAJJ HEALTH CENTER IN ANAK TUHA DISTRICT, KAB. CENTRAL LAMPUNG, 9(1), 1–13.
Mushofa, M., Hermina, D., & Huda, N. (2024). Understanding Populations and Samples: A Key Pillar in Quantitative Research. Journal of Syntax Admiration, 5(12), 5937–5948. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i12.1992
Bai, K. (2023). No Title, 11(2).
Polii, C. G., Naukoko, A. T., & Siwu, H. F. D. (2023). The Influence of the Human Development Index (HDI) and Economic Growth on the Unemployment Rate in Tomohon City. Scientific Periodic Journal of Efficiency, 23(5), 13–24.
Rahayu, Y., Karim, A., & Peadutu, G. F. (2024). The Relationship between Physical Activity and the Incidence of Hypertension at Productive Age at the Sidomulyo Inpatient Health Center, Pekanbaru City, 8.
Rahmadhani, M. (2022). Factors that affect the occurrence of hypertension in the community in Bedagai Village, Pinang City. STM Medical Journal (Medical Science and Technology), 4(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v4i1.132
Res, M., Ruts, C., Hospital, C. R., Sciences, M., Committee, I. E., & Crh-smims, S. (2024). Prevalence of, 13(May), 517–520. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR
Riyada, F., Amanah Fauziah, S., Liana, N., & Hasni, D. (2024). Factors Affecting the Risk of Hypertension in the Elderly. Scientific Journal, 3(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v3i1.137
Riza, Y., Hayati, R., & Setiawan, W. (2023). Analysis of factors related to the incidence of hypertension. Scientific Journal of Health Sciences: Health Insights, 6(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.33485/jiik-wk.v6i1.153
Rosita, & Rabiah. (2024). Health Education on Hypertension in the Elderly at the Batua Health Center, Makassar City. Collaborative Journal of Science, 7(4), 1547–1555. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i4.4488
Santoso, R., Rahman, M. F., Nurakillah, H., Herawati, A. T., Safari, U., Wahyudinata, D., ... Setiawan, Y. H. (2022). Overcoming and Preventing by Recognizing Hypertension for a Healthy Lifestyle in Cipadung Wetan Village, Bandung City. Media Abdimas, 1(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.37817/mediaabdimas.v1i3.2585
Sari, G. P., Chasani, S., Pemayun, T. G. D., Hadisaputro, S., & Nugroho, H. (2021). Risk Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Hypertension in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Pati Regency Health Center Area. Journal of Community Health Epidemiology, 2(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v2i2.3996
Sari, M. (2025). Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adulthood. Semarang Polytechnic, 1(4), 1–7. Retrieved from https://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jkess/article/view/2985
Sari, N. W., & Mutmainna, A. (2024). TAMANGAPA HEALTH CENTER MAKASSAR CITY, 4, 225–231.
Simanjorang, E., Dakhi, R. A., Tarigan, F. L., & Ketaren, O. (2025). INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT H HOSPITAL. BACHTIAR DJAFAR MEDAN LABUHAN YEAR 2024, 9(April), 775–785.
Sofya, A., Novita, N. C., Afgani, M. W., Isnaini, M., Islam, U., Raden, N., & Palembang, F. (2024). Survey Methods: Explanatory Survey and Cross Sectional in Quantitative Research, 4(3), 1695–1708.
Taha, D. H., Alwahab, D. A., & Obiad, R. M. (2025). Physiological Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System Under Chronic Stress: A Systematic Review, (3), 56–62.
Tassew, W. C., Woldie, S. S., Ferede, Y. A., Zeleke, A. M., & Nigussie, A. (2025). Dyslipidemia and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04808-3
Theodorakopoulou, M., Ortiz, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, B., Kanbay, M., Minutolo, R., & Sarafidis, P. A. (2024). Guidelines for the management of hypertension in CKD patients: where do we stand in 2024? Clinical Kidney Journal, 17, ii36–ii50. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfae278
Tumanduk, W. M., Nelwan, J. E., & Asrifuddin, A. (2021). Risk factors for hypertension that play a role at Robert Wolter Mongisidi Hospital. E-CliniC, 7(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v7i2.26569
Ummy A,iSYAH,Nurhayati,Andry Ariyanto, F. S. (2023). The relationship between age and sex to the incidence of hypertension. Journal of Medicine STM (Medical Science and Technology), 6(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v6i1.349
Unab, S., Akram, M., Ahmed, S., Moon, B., Saleem, R., Qayyum, M., & Rizvi, S. S. R. (2024). Stress, Cortisol, and Hypertension: Unveiling the Link and Implications for Cardiovascular Health. Journal of Population Therapetics & Clinical Pharmacology, 31(06), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6410
Wahyuni, A., Windasari, D. P., Pawenrusi, E. P., & Ikram, M. D. (2024). Factors related to the incidence of hypertension in the community in the working area of the Kassi-Kassi Health Center, Makassar City. Journal of Strategic Partners, 14(2), 719–727.
Yunus, M. H., Kadir, S., & Lalu, N. A. S. (2023). The Relationship Between Salt Consumption Patterns and the Incidence of Hypertension in the Elderly At the Kota Tengah Health Center. Journal Health & Science: Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 7(1), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v7i1.16279
Zaim Anshari. (2020). Complications of Hypertension in Relation to Patients' Knowledge of Hypertension and Prevention Efforts. Journal of Medical Nursing Research, 2(2), 2. Retrieved from http://ejournal.delihusada.ac.id/index.php/JPKM/article/view/289/149
Affandi, A. A., & Hamzah, N. (2025). Risk Factor Analysis of Hypertension, 9 (April), 837–848.
Akbar, H., & Budi Santoso, E. (2024). Analysis of Factors Causing Hypertension in the Community (Case Study in West Passi District, Bolaang Mongondow Regency). Indonesian Health Promotion Publication Media (MPPKI), 3(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v3i1.1013
Akhmad Akhmad. (2023). Factors Related to the Incidence of Hypertension in Kapuas Kanan Hulu Village, Sintang District in 2023. Journal of Ventilators, 1(3), 332–352. https://doi.org/10.59680/ventilator.v1i3.968
Alfianur, A., & Novikasari, B. Y. (2023). The relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in people with hypertension. JOURNAL OF Medical Surgical Concerns, 3(2), 94–100. https://doi.org/10.56922/msc.v3i2.241
Amananti, W. (2024). DATA PROCESSING, 4(02), 7823–7830.
Andika, G. A., Graharti, R., Medicine, F., & Lampung, U. (2025). Update on Hypertension Guidelines: A Literature Review, 15, 580–585.
Anisa, S. R., Debora, O., Sulartri, A. S., & Malang, P. W. (2025). ( Physical Activity Related To Blood Pressure Regulation in, 13(2), 265–271.
Ardian, I., Nursalam, N., Ahsan, A., & Nu, N. (2024). The development of an islamic nursing care model to improve patient satisfaction, 19(1), 3–12.
Candra Susanto, P., Ulfah Arini, D., Yuntina, L., Panatap Soehaditama, J., & Nuraeni, N. (2024). Quantitative Research Concepts: Population, Samples, and Data Analysis (A Literature Review). Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences, 3(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v3i1.504
Devi, M., Lutfi, M. I., Wiratningrum, N. K. D., Hanum, A. N., Himayani, R., & Sangging, P. R. A. (2023). Enforcement of Diagnosis and Management of Hypertensive Retinopathy. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 13(4.1), 174–181.
Febriyanti, H. et al. (2024). Journal of Nursing, 16(August 2023), 599–608.
Fitrhi, N. K. et al. (2024). Factors related to factors related to the incidence of hypertension in the elderly (60-74 years). Environmental Health Management, 13(1), 21–26. https://doi.org/10.37048/kesehatan.v13i1.301
Gaya, P. V., Fonseca, G. W. P., Tanji, L. T., Abe, T. O., Alves, M. J. N. N., of Lima Santos, P. C., ... Scholz, J. R. (2024). Smoking cessation decreases arterial blood pressure in hypertensive smokers: A subgroup analysis of the randomized controlled trial GENTSMOKING. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 22, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/186853
Harper, H. T. (2023). Hypertension as a risk factor in coronary heart disease. Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia, 65(2), 62–63.
Hayati, S., & Saputra, L. A. (2023). The Effect of Work Motivation on Employee Performance with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable in Cv. Jaya Anugrah. Business Management, 2(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.58258/bisnis.v2i1.5430
Henny Dwi Hernita, Hermanto Hermanto, & Kristin Rosela. (2024). Analysis of Factors Related to the Incidence of Hypertension in the Working Area of the Tumbang Talaken Health Center, Gunung Mas Regency. The Journal of General Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research, 2(2), 57–79. https://doi.org/10.57213/tjghpsr.v2i2.423
Hidayani, H., Santi, T. D., & Arbi, A. (2024). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIFESTYLE AND STRESS ON THE INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN MEN AGED 45-54 YEARS IN THE WORK AREA OF ULEE KARENG HEALTH CENTER, BANDA ACEH CITY IN 2023, 5 (September), 10078–10084.
Ina, S. H. J., Selly, J. B., & Feoh, F. T. (2021). Analysis of the relationship between genetic factors and the incidence of hypertension in young adults (19-49 years) at the Bakunase Health Center, Kupang City in 2021. CHMK Health Journal, 4(3), 217–221.
Jareebi, M. A. (2024). The Association Between Smoking Behavior and the Risk of Hypertension : Review of the Observational and Genetic Evidence, (July).
Junaidi, R., Risnita, Jailani, M. S., & Nasution, F. H. (2024). Principles of Instrument Calibration Development in Research. Journal of Honorable Mention, 15(2), 11–12.
Leroy L, Majid, S., Wang, N., Fetterman, J. L., Palmisano, J. N., Benjamin, E. J., ... Hamburg, N. M. (2025). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of smoking behaviour with central arterial haemodynamic measures : the Framingham Heart Study European journal of preventive Cardiology. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf012
Lingga, M. O., Pakpahan, R. E., Sri, F., & Br, H. (2024). The Relationship between Stress Level and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients of Productive Age at the Padang Bulan Medan Health Center in 2023, 4, 2043–2056.
Lusno, M. F. D., Haksama, S., Wulandari, A., & Sriram, S. (2023). Association between smoking and hypertension as a disease burden in Sidoarjo : a case-control study, 9–16.
Makawekes, E., Suling, L., & Kallo, V. (2023). The Effect of Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in the Elderly 60-74 Years. Journal of Nursing, 8(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v8i1.28415
Mamile, R., Hidayati, P. H., Tabri, N. A., Doctor, P. P., Medicine, F., Indonesia, U. M., ... Criterion, M. (2024). SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: The death toll is the highest in the world, and often asymptomatic. Hypertension is characterized by the unavailability of full text and irrelevant content. Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart illustrating the study selection process., 5, 13918–13925.
Muhammad Yunus, I Wayan Chandra Aditya, D. R. E. (2022). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGE AND SEX AND THE INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT THE HAJJ HEALTH CENTER IN ANAK TUHA DISTRICT, KAB. CENTRAL LAMPUNG, 9(1), 1–13.
Mushofa, M., Hermina, D., & Huda, N. (2024). Understanding Populations and Samples: A Key Pillar in Quantitative Research. Journal of Syntax Admiration, 5(12), 5937–5948. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v5i12.1992
Bai, K. (2023). No Title, 11(2).
Polii, C. G., Naukoko, A. T., & Siwu, H. F. D. (2023). The Influence of the Human Development Index (HDI) and Economic Growth on the Unemployment Rate in Tomohon City. Scientific Periodic Journal of Efficiency, 23(5), 13–24.
Rahayu, Y., Karim, A., & Peadutu, G. F. (2024). The Relationship between Physical Activity and the Incidence of Hypertension at Productive Age at the Sidomulyo Inpatient Health Center, Pekanbaru City, 8.
Rahmadhani, M. (2022). Factors that affect the occurrence of hypertension in the community in Bedagai Village, Pinang City. STM Medical Journal (Medical Science and Technology), 4(1), 52–62. https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v4i1.132
Res, M., Ruts, C., Hospital, C. R., Sciences, M., Committee, I. E., & Crh-smims, S. (2024). Prevalence of, 13(May), 517–520. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR
Riyada, F., Amanah Fauziah, S., Liana, N., & Hasni, D. (2024). Factors Affecting the Risk of Hypertension in the Elderly. Scientific Journal, 3(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.56260/sciena.v3i1.137
Riza, Y., Hayati, R., & Setiawan, W. (2023). Analysis of factors related to the incidence of hypertension. Scientific Journal of Health Sciences: Health Insights, 6(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.33485/jiik-wk.v6i1.153
Rosita, & Rabiah. (2024). Health Education on Hypertension in the Elderly at the Batua Health Center, Makassar City. Collaborative Journal of Science, 7(4), 1547–1555. https://doi.org/10.56338/jks.v7i4.4488
Santoso, R., Rahman, M. F., Nurakillah, H., Herawati, A. T., Safari, U., Wahyudinata, D., ... Setiawan, Y. H. (2022). Overcoming and Preventing by Recognizing Hypertension for a Healthy Lifestyle in Cipadung Wetan Village, Bandung City. Media Abdimas, 1(3), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.37817/mediaabdimas.v1i3.2585
Sari, G. P., Chasani, S., Pemayun, T. G. D., Hadisaputro, S., & Nugroho, H. (2021). Risk Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Hypertension in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus in the Pati Regency Health Center Area. Journal of Community Health Epidemiology, 2(2), 54. https://doi.org/10.14710/jekk.v2i2.3996
Sari, M. (2025). Risk Factors for Hypertension in Adulthood. Semarang Polytechnic, 1(4), 1–7. Retrieved from https://ejournal.poltekkes-smg.ac.id/ojs/index.php/jkess/article/view/2985
Sari, N. W., & Mutmainna, A. (2024). TAMANGAPA HEALTH CENTER MAKASSAR CITY, 4, 225–231.
Simanjorang, E., Dakhi, R. A., Tarigan, F. L., & Ketaren, O. (2025). INCIDENCE OF HYPERTENSION AT H HOSPITAL. BACHTIAR DJAFAR MEDAN LABUHAN YEAR 2024, 9(April), 775–785.
Sofya, A., Novita, N. C., Afgani, M. W., Isnaini, M., Islam, U., Raden, N., & Palembang, F. (2024). Survey Methods: Explanatory Survey and Cross Sectional in Quantitative Research, 4(3), 1695–1708.
Taha, D. H., Alwahab, D. A., & Obiad, R. M. (2025). Physiological Changes in the Autonomic Nervous System Under Chronic Stress: A Systematic Review, (3), 56–62.
Tassew, W. C., Woldie, S. S., Ferede, Y. A., Zeleke, A. M., & Nigussie, A. (2025). Dyslipidemia and associated factors among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04808-3
Theodorakopoulou, M., Ortiz, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, B., Kanbay, M., Minutolo, R., & Sarafidis, P. A. (2024). Guidelines for the management of hypertension in CKD patients: where do we stand in 2024? Clinical Kidney Journal, 17, ii36–ii50. https://doi.org/10.1093/ckj/sfae278
Tumanduk, W. M., Nelwan, J. E., & Asrifuddin, A. (2021). Risk factors for hypertension that play a role at Robert Wolter Mongisidi Hospital. E-CliniC, 7(2), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.35790/ecl.v7i2.26569
Ummy A,iSYAH,Nurhayati,Andry Ariyanto, F. S. (2023). The relationship between age and sex to the incidence of hypertension. Journal of Medicine STM (Medical Science and Technology), 6(1), 53–59. https://doi.org/10.30743/stm.v6i1.349
Unab, S., Akram, M., Ahmed, S., Moon, B., Saleem, R., Qayyum, M., & Rizvi, S. S. R. (2024). Stress, Cortisol, and Hypertension: Unveiling the Link and Implications for Cardiovascular Health. Journal of Population Therapetics & Clinical Pharmacology, 31(06), 641–650. https://doi.org/10.53555/jptcp.v31i6.6410
Wahyuni, A., Windasari, D. P., Pawenrusi, E. P., & Ikram, M. D. (2024). Factors related to the incidence of hypertension in the community in the working area of the Kassi-Kassi Health Center, Makassar City. Journal of Strategic Partners, 14(2), 719–727.
Yunus, M. H., Kadir, S., & Lalu, N. A. S. (2023). The Relationship Between Salt Consumption Patterns and the Incidence of Hypertension in the Elderly At the Kota Tengah Health Center. Journal Health & Science: Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 7(1), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.35971/gojhes.v7i1.16279
Zaim Anshari. (2020). Complications of Hypertension in Relation to Patients' Knowledge of Hypertension and Prevention Efforts. Journal of Medical Nursing Research, 2(2), 2. Retrieved from http://ejournal.delihusada.ac.id/index.php/JPKM/article/view/289/149
Published
2026-05-31
How to Cite
Nurain Afriani Walangadi, Zainuddin, & Nur Ayun R. Yusuf. (2026). Factors related to the degree of hypertension in the working area of the Limboto Health Center . International Journal of Health, Economics, and Social Sciences (IJHESS), 8(3), 1921~1935. https://doi.org/10.56338/ijhess.v8i3.11148
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