Wound healing activity of Combination Propolis and Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke Ointment on wistar rat second degree Burns wound models

2025-07-15T15:57:16+07:00

Introduction: The delay in burns healing is a serious complication that can lead to disability and death. TGF-?1 contributes significantly to the wound healing process. Chronic wounds that do not heal often indicate a loss of TGF-?1 signaling. Propolis and coconut shell liquid smoke (CS-LS) are natural ingredients that contain antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic compounds to accelerate wound healing. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of using a topical combination of propolis and CS-LS in accelerating the healing process of degree II burns and their relationship with the expression of TGF-?1 in serum. Method: A 14-day in vivo experimental investigation using Wistar rats was carried out with a total sample of 25 rats divided into 4 groups.; Group 1, treated with sulfadiazine ointment; Group 2, treated with propolis ointment; Group 3, treated with CS-LS ointment; Group 4, treated with the combination of propolis and CS-LS ointment, and 1 control group without treatment. Serum TGF-?1 levels were determined by ELISA.

Result: Measurements of wound size were on days 0,3,7 and 14. This study obtained results the combination ointment group alone had significantly different TGF-?1 levels from day 7 to day 14 and experienced a decrease in TGF-?1 levels of 52.28 ?/mg. Based on wound size, there was a significant difference in all groups (p<0.05), this was supported by the mean value of wound size which was smaller in the sulfadiazine ointment group and the combination (propolis and liquid smoke) ointment group.

Conclusion: The combination of propolis and coconut shell liquid smoke can be considered as an alternative in the treatment of second degree burns because of its ability to reduce TGF-?1 and accelerate burn wound healing.

Keywords: wound healing, propolis, coconut shell liquid smoke, TGF-?1

Analysis of Early Breastfeeding Initiation for Newborns in Palu City

2025-08-02T14:09:53+07:00

Introduction: Early breastfeeding initiation is a critical intervention to reduce neonatal mortality and increase exclusive breastfeeding However, its implementation in RSIA Tinatapura Palu is still not optimal. This study aimed to assess the provision of early initiation of breastfeeding in newborns and identify the factors that inhibit it at Tinatapura Mother and Child Hospital,

Methods: This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, which aims to conduct in-depth interviews through data collection from various sources of information.

Results: This study found that implementation of early breastfeeding initiation at RSIA Tinatapura Palu was not optimal, with the majority of mothers reporting no IMD Key barriers included low maternal knowledge about IMD, postpartum maternal and infant health conditions, inconsistent hospital policies such as mother-infant separation after delivery (especially for sectio caesarean/premature cases) and flexibility in formula feeding without medical indication, and inadequate support from health workers, including lack of education and a tendency to recommend While hospitals claim to provide training and education, there is a gap between policy and practice on the

Conclusion: The implementation of early breastfeeding initiation in RSIA Tinatapura Palu is still not running. Structured interventions are needed in the form of clear IMD protocols, increased education for mothers and families, and ongoing training for health workers to ensure consistent and standardized IMD.

Promotif : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat

Wound healing activity of Combination Propolis and Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke Ointment on wistar rat second degree Burns wound models

Analysis of Early Breastfeeding Initiation for Newborns in Palu City